Pre-Engagement: Reconnaissance: This category includes tools that help with everything from identifying all the devices on a network to identifying open ports on targeted servers. Tools include Nmap and Wireshark.
Attacking wireless network interface cards (WNIC) by taking advantage of the omnidirectional radio-waves transmitted (QAM, OFDM). Aircrack-ng an injector and frame replay tool, performs cryptoanalysis to recover WEP and WPA/WPA2-Pre-Shared Key (PSK) keys using various techniques.